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MAINLAND ENDEMICS (COSTA RICA ONLY)
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Mangrove Hummingbird |
Amazilia boucardi |
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Coppery-headed Emerald |
Elvira cupreiceps |
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White-throated Mountain-gem |
Lampornis castaneoventris |
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Black-cheeked Ant-Tanager |
Habia atrimaxillaris |
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COCOS ISLAND ENDEMICS
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Cocos Cuckoo |
Coccyzus ferrugineus |
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Cocos Flycatcher
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Nesotriccus ridgwayi |
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Cocos Finch |
Pinaroloxias inornata |
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HIGHLAND ENDEMICS (COSTA RICA AND WESTERN PANAMA)
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Black Guan |
Chamaepetes unicolor |
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Black-breasted Wood-Quail |
Odontophorus leucolaemus |
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Buff-fronted Quail-Dove |
Geotrygon costaricensis |
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Chiriqui Quail-Dove |
Geotrygon chiriquensis |
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Sulfur-winged Parakeet |
Pyrrhura hoffmanni |
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Red-fronted Parrotlet |
Touit costaricensis |
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Costa Rican Pygmy-Owl |
Glaucidium costaricanum |
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Dusky Nightjar |
Caprimulgus saturatus |
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Fiery-throated Hummingbird |
Panterpe insignis |
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Black-bellied Hummingbird |
Eupherusa nigriventris |
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White-tailed Emerald |
Elvira chionura |
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Purple-throated Mountain-gem |
Lampornis calolaema |
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Magenta-throated Woodstar |
Calliphlox bryantae |
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Scintillant Hummingbird |
Selasphorus scintilla |
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Volcano Hummingbird |
Selasphorus flammula |
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Orange-bellied Trogon |
Trogon aurantiiventris |
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Prong-billed Barbet |
Semnornis frantzii |
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Ruddy Treerunner |
Margarornis rubiginosus |
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Streak-breasted Treehunter |
Thripadectes rufobrunneus |
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Silvery-fronted Tapaculo |
Scytalopus argentifrons |
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Golden-bellied Flycatcher |
Myiodynastes hemichrysus |
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Dark Pewee |
Contopus lugubris |
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Ochraceous Pewee |
Contopus ochraceus |
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Black-capped Flycatcher |
Empidonax atriceps |
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Zeledon's Tyrannulet |
Phyllomyias zeledoni |
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Silvery-throated Jay |
Cyanolyca argentigula |
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Ochraceous Wren |
Troglodytes ochraceus |
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Timberline Wren |
Thryorchilus browni |
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Sooty Robin |
Turdus nigrescens |
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Black-faced Solitaire |
Myadestes melanops |
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Black-billed Nightingale-Thrush |
Catharus gracilirostris |
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Long-tailed Silky-Flycatcher |
Ptilogonys caudatus |
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Black-and-yellow Silky-Flycatcher |
Phainoptila melanoxantha |
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Yellow-winged Vireo |
Vireo carmioli |
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Flame-throated Warbler |
Parula gutturalis |
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Collared Redstart |
Myioborus torquatus |
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Black-cheeked Warbler |
Basileuterus melanogenys |
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Zeledonia (Wrenthrush) |
Zeledonia coronata |
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Golden-browed Chlorophonia |
Chlorophonia callophrys |
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Spangle-cheeked Tanager |
Tangara dowii |
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Sooty-capped Bush-Tanager |
Chlorospingus pileatus |
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Black-thighed Grosbeak |
Pheucticus tibialis |
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Peg-billed Finch |
Acanthidops bairdii |
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Slaty Flowerpiercer |
Diglossa plumbea |
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Large-footed Finch |
Pezopetes capitalis |
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Yellow-thighed Finch |
Pselliophorus tibialis |
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Sooty-faced Finch |
Lysurus crassirostris |
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Volcano Junco |
Junco vulcani |
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LOWLAND PACIFIC ENDEMICS (SOUTHERN COSTA RICA AND WESTERN PANAMA)
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White-crested Coquette |
Lophornis adorabilis |
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Garden Emerald |
Chlorostilbon assimilis |
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Beryl-crowned Hummingbird |
Amazilia decora |
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Snowy-bellied Hummingbird |
Amazilia edward |
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Baird's Trogon |
Trogon bairdii |
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Fiery-billed Aracari |
Pteroglossus frantzii |
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Golden-naped Woodpecker |
Melanerpes chrysauchen |
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Black-hooded Antshrike |
Thamnophilus bridgesi |
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Turquoise Cotinga |
Cotinga ridgwayi |
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Yellow-billed Cotinga |
Carpodectes antoniae |
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Orange-collared Manakin |
Manacus aurantiacus |
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Riverside Wren |
Thryothorus semibadius |
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Spot-crowned Euphonia |
Euphonia imitans |
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Cherrie's Tanager |
Ramphocelus costaricensis |
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CARIBBEAN SLOPE ENDEMICS (RANGES VARY FROM HONDURAS TO PANAMA)
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Crimson-fronted Parakeet |
Aratinga finschi |
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Snowcap |
Microchera albocoronata |
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White-bellied Mountain-gem |
Lampornis hemileucus |
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Lattice-tailed Trogon |
Trogon clathratus |
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Rufous-winged Woodpecker* |
Piculus simplex |
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Streak-crowned Antvireo |
Dysithamnus striaticeps |
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Snowy Cotinga |
Carpodectes nitidus |
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Bare-necked Umbrellabird |
Cephalopterus glabricollis |
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Tawny-chested Flycatcher |
Aphanotriccus capitalis |
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Stripe-breasted Wren |
Thryothorus thoracicus |
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Black-throated Wren |
Thryothorus atrogularis |
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Nicaraguan Grackle |
Quiscalus nicaraguensis |
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Yellow-crowned Euphonia* |
Euphonia luteicapilla |
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Blue-and-gold Tanager |
Bangsia arcaei |
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White-throated Shrike-Tanager* |
Lanio leucothorax |
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Sulphur-rumped Tanager |
Heterospingus rubrifrons |
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Black-and-yellow Tanager |
Chrysothlypis chrysomelas |
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Nicaraguan Seed-Finch |
Oryzoborus nuttingi |
*also present on southern Pacific slope
Additionally, the Hoffmann's Woodpecker (Melanerpes hoffmannii) is unique in being the only dry forest species endemic to the region , it's range extends from southern Honduras to central Costa Rica.
And then there's the Three-wattled Bellbird (Procnias tricarunculata) that breeds in the highlands and wanders widely throughout the lowlands after the breeding season—a bird radio-tagged in Monteverde, Costa Rica was even located in eastern Honduras!—and so does not easily fit in any one of the above geographical divisions.
All in all, fully 10% of Costa Rica's avifauna is restricted to very limited ranges within the southern half of the Central American isthmus, which is an exceptionally high rate of endemism, even for the neotropics.
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